Theoreticians of Absolutism
It was from the Renaissance , the cultural effervescence that ushered in the modern culture, born the political arguments and a consistent (for the time) ideology justifying the modern state Absolutist.
The new policy considerations absolutist theorists ended up ruining what was left of Scholastic (Thomism) and the government-state, disassembling its ethical content, moralistic coating common good to be pursued by the policy under which it was for the governor to submit to the Church the only one who knew the good and the bad way and was equipped for proper orientation.
The Church continued to insist on the medieval thought of limiting the political power, which no longer suited to the dynamic modern world that settled.
Modern intellectuals broke with conceptions, secular, laying the theoretical foundations ofabsolutism - some, like Machiavelli , taking the ethics of politics, defending the reasons of State or sovereign over all, while others, likeThomas Hobbes , justify the centralized state as product of a contract that could not be broken between the governed and thegoverning.
Main theoretical:
The most important absolutist theory representative wasNicholas Machiavelli (1469-1527), member of the government of Florence Medici. In his works Mandrake, Discourse on Titus Livius Decade and The Prince , Machiavelli defends the supremacy of a "prince" of a king to restore the unity of Italy, divided into several rival republics. He argued that the sovereign should be above moral considerations, applying the principle that "the end justifies the means", because the "state reason" overlapped to everything and even "the force is just as necessary."
Concerned about the establishment of order in a lasting state, the author of The Prince points out the power of the sovereign, sometimes brutal and prudently calculating, as vital to the state's success. It was a strange advice to ordinary ethics, opposite the medieval Thomist view. Among many others, are your the following phrases, as repeated by many opportunists of the historical process: "All armed prophets have conquered, disarmed were ruined,"; "Disparaging the art of war is the first step to ruin, possess it perfectly, this is the means to rise to power."
Another great theoretical absolutism wasThomas Hobbes (1588-1679), considered by many as one that best interpreted the absolutist ideology. In his book Leviathan(name Phoenician chaos monster), Hobbes presents his idea of the state as a large monster, all - powerful, formed for the rights of citizens via contract.
According to Hobbes, the state of nature, the natural society in which no one was subject to any law, all vied voraciously power, care of personal interest, enforcing a "war of all against all", a complete anarchy. But, taking advantage of reason, sense of conservation, the man joined the other men, organizing civil society through a contract . For him, the men would relinquish all rights in favor of the sovereign state, being born then his absolute authority. Break away from such a contract would mean restoring chaos, setting the end of human happiness.
Another detachable absolutist theory wasJacques Bossuet (1627-1704), the preceptor of the dauphin (future Louis XV), defender of the divine right of kings. Bossuet considered sacred to the king's authority, political representative of God; rebelling against her was the same as rebelling against God himself.Author Policy According to Sacred Scriptureand Memories for the Delfim Education , Bossuet linked the notion of "divine right" to the king's authority, winning the sympathy and even loyalty to their many European ideas, including sovereigns, as Louis XIV .
Other no less important absolutist theorists were Jean Bodin (1530-1596), the author ofThe Republic , and Hugo Grotius (1583-1645), author of The Law of Peace and War.
Category: General history
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