The water in the history of man
Primitive Man
Human beings can not live away from the water you drink and the waste it produces.That seems to be a concern that came civilizations since the earliest times.
Although, over the ages, mankind has perfected many techniques to collect water and remove the debris, the problem remains to this day.
Primitive people used simple methods to collect rainwater, rivers and lakes.
In their nomadic phase, in which constantly changing place, the man left food scraps and waste accumulating within the housing.
garbage
It is evident that the amount of waste produced was insufficient to cause environmental changes. The habits of the original population were extremely simple and consuming only the essentials for survival. In addition, the populations of the time consisted of a few people.
From the moment the man started to develop deforestation and agriculture began the modification processes of natural resources such as soil and water. The production of waste, sewage and other debris began to form large clumps that favored the proliferation of rats and insects and pollution of rivers.
Ancient civilizations
With the passage of time, human needs and population growth have required increasing amounts of water and ease of access to existing sources. At the same time, they were sought new sources of supply, including the basement.
In America, the Incas and even the most ancient civilizations have built numerous water plumbing systems for irrigation, mainly in the arid lands of the coast of Peru.
The Egyptians dominated sophisticated techniques of soil irrigation in agriculture and liquid storage methods, it depended on the Nile floods.
Agriculture in the Nile region
The buildings intended for the transport of water, aqueducts calls were grandiose, especially among the Romans. These works supplied dozens of spa (or public baths), much appreciated by the people of the time.Moreover, aqueducts supriam cities with water from lakes artificial sources. The Romans also stood out in the construction of sewers and pipes for drainage of rain water in the city.
Around the year 300 AD, in Rome there were more than 300 public baths. Ate up about 3 million liters of water per day. The baths were sophisticated buildings with pools of hot water, warm or hurt, next to rooms for sports and massage.
For other civilizations, the residences built in antiquity, including those belonging to the nobility, had no toilets. In the cities and the countryside it was common for people to evacuate directly into the ground. The richest layer of the population used containers to their needs and then unloading the contents in place near the villas. When it rained, the feces were carried by runoff to the rivers, contaminating the water and spreading disease.
At that time, some people have tilled the soil for planting the crop, without adopting measures to avoid the land transportation by the floods, making the dirtiest water clay.
To make pure water before being used in domestic activity, some people, especially the Egyptian and Japanese filtered liquid in porcelain pots.
From the Middle Ages to the industrial society
During the Middle Ages , the habits of peasants and lords were similar to those practiced by past civilizations. The situation worsened with the onset of industrial development in the mid-eighteenth century, when textile mills led mass artisans to large urban centers.
Industrial areas grew rapidly and basic sanitation services such as water supply and street cleaning, did not accompany this expansion. Consequently, the period was marked by the return of serious epidemics, particularly cholera and typhoid fever, transmitted by contaminated water, which made thousands of victims.
England initially and then other European countries held a major health reform. liquid discharges, similar to those currently used, carrying the debris pipes rainwater were installed.
Brazil was one of the first countries in the world to establish collection systems for the disposal of rainwater. But this system was only installed in Rio de Janeiro and attended the area of the city where it was installed the aristocracy.
Currently, the development of science and technology allowed contaminated sources become drinkable after treatment. Today there are diverse methods for the sewage and garbage will not affect the health andenvironment . However, throughout the history of mankind, the deterioration of natural resources has never reached such proportions as today.
Water use in the 20th and 21st centuries
In the 20th century, world population has tripled, which means more factories, more waste, more irrigation on crops, etc. Water consumption has increased about six times and over a billion people currently live without access to improved water sources, according to UN data. According to the source, about two and a half billion people live without basic sanitation.
In Brazil, the use of water resources starts to get worrisome:. No water most of the Northeast basins, in Greater São Paulo, certain regions of Minas Gerais, Bahia and in some areas of Rio Grande do Sul We own 16% of fresh water the planet, distributed irregularly round. About 68% of our water resources in the North, where there are less people; only 3% are in the Northeast and 6% in the Southeast, where the population is greater.
To avoid water crisis, it would take: avoid waste, stop polluting processes and create new ways to capture, control and distribution of water. In some countries such as USA and Japan, there are cities where the waste water is treated and goes to the taps.
In our project on the water, at first, a water analysis with its properties, uses and occurrence in nature, then the assessment of pollution, scarcity All Ribeirão Preto water supply comes from a vast reservoir of groundwater called Guarani aquifer, from which is extracted by Daerp through deep wells.
The Guarani Aquifer extends the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, in addition to Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay. It occupies an area of 1.2 million km2, of which 70% are in Brazil. It is one of the largest underground reservoirs of the world's water. Guarani was named in honor of the Indian nation of the same name that inhabited the region.
Category: General history
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