Socialism Types
Socialism is a political ideology that is developed from the nineteenth century in opposition to capitalism and liberalism . It proposes the abolition of private property, class society and called exploitation of man by man. Defends the proletarian revolution and the seizure of power by the working classes.
utopian socialism
It is the first formulation of socialist thought.This name is due to the fact that their theoretical, after criticizing the society of his time, setting out the principles of an ideal society, without specifying the means to make it real.
Pointed the socialization of the means of production, the abolition of inheritance, protection of the individual by social laws, the abolition of money, the production non-profit, education for all and equal rights for men and women. Its main representatives were Saint-Simon (1760-1825), Charles Fourier (1772-1837), Louis Blanc (1811-1882) and Robert Owen (1771-1858).
scientific socialism
Through the analysis of economic reality and the historical evolution of capitalism, Karl Marx(1818-1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) formulate principles for the establishment of a classless society and equal.
They are influenced by the philosophy of Hegel (dialectical) and the writings of the English political economy (David Ricardo). They consider that the historical development is determined by the class struggle and the economic conditions of the time. They advocate the organization of the working class as a revolutionary force in order to take political power. (See more in Scientific Socialism ).
Christian socialism
Also called social Catholicism emerges in the late nineteenth century, as opposed to socialist ideas, and preaches the application of Christian teaching to correct the ills created by industrialization. Defends trade union and social justice. Rerum Novarum encyclical with (1891), regarded as a conservative response to the Communist Manifesto (1848), Pope Leo XIII (1878-1903) recognizes the seriousness of the social question produced by capitalism but rejects the revolutionary or egalitarian solutions.
Social Democracy
Trying to reconcile socialism and democracy , a group of politicians and thinkers endeavored to resign, in public administration, the absolute economic dirigisme and the total domination of the economy by the state. Understood, the view of the facts, that the socialist interventionism always caused economic inefficiency and political despotism. But did not give the community the idea prevailing over the individual. They seek equality through the "State protection" that meets the basic needs of the population, without renouncing the "official guidance" of the economy.Insisting join contrary, they tend to bureaucratization to administer the state and society. Social democracy advocates individual freedom, as liberals, but sees the individual as a cell of the community only.
Category: General history
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