Mexican revolution
The Mexican Revolution beginning on November 20, 1910 is, according to some historians, the most important event of the twentieth century. It was a rebellion led by Francisco Madero against the autocrat General Porfirio Diaz.
This revolution was important to have the junction of several communist leaders, anarchists, libertarians and populists in favor of agrarian goals.
causes
The Mexico had always been ruled by the landed elite of the country. The maximum ruler was always chosen by these people's possessions. In 1876, Porfirio Diaz began to rule dictatorially, not respecting any rights of the population. Even with some industrial development in the period, its form of government was extremely authoritarian.
The economic base of Mexico remained the export of agricultural products, as well as some minerals. This greatly hurt the poorest people.
His government lasted over 30 years. Even holding elections periodically, this democratic character was only in appearance. Generally, the elections were manipulated so that it re-elected.
However, in 1910, his opponent Francisco Madero lost the election, but failed to warn the population that rebelled in favor of agrarian reform.
However, the promise was not fulfilled, substantially worsening the already poor living conditions of the peasants. Then two leaders took the lead: Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa. So, your fight began deposing power of Madero.
They also deposed his successor Huerta.
Proposals Emiliano Zapata
Zapata proposed the expropriation of all estates of Mexico. He had in mind the division for all workers. In addition, he proposed the recognition of indigenous rights, particularly in their land of origin that had been taken by the landowners.
In 1914 elections were held again and the squire candidate Carranza, supported by the United States, was elected president. He managed to promulgate a new constitution in 1917, apparently liberal.
Regarding the work, there was a passing laws that prioritized the work of eight hours beyond the minimum wage. Moreover, to ensure the supremacy of the Carranza government, the United States invaded Mexico in order to bring peace in the territory.
In fact, what he had in mind was the persecution of Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa. The United States succeeded, killing Emiliano Zapata in 1919 and Pancho Villa in 1923. That was a blow to the farmers who saw their rights go awry.
The Catholic Church, which had lost land at the beginning of the Revolution , incessantly pressing the government to retrieve them. This caused the climate of revolution cold.
In 1929, some leaders of the revolutionary movement organized and founded the National Revolutionary Party (NRP). Soon afterwards, they founded the Institutional Revolutionary Party and abandoned the revolutionary principles of 1910.
The revolution brought farmers a significant land reform. However, with time, these workers were constantly losing their land. There were many factors that led the population to this crisis: bank debt, not large-scale production and low cost, the US competition, as well as strong mechanization of land ownership. Thus the impossibility of smallholdings was inherent. I was doomed to failure.
It is important to note that this revolution has brought a new structure for the local population. Mexico was one of the few countries in the Americas that could deploy a significant land reform.
Brazil has never in its history achieved such deployment.
The struggle of the Mexican peasants is still looking for a decent life. In the last decade of the twentieth century, Mexico was the creation of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation in order to resume the precepts of the revolutionof 1910.
Category: General history
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