The Original Start Of Islam
The Islam emerged in 610 Ce (common era) with the message revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (Mohammad). The word islam is derived from the word "Salama" (peace), and its significance in the religious context is the voluntary submission to the will of God.
The followers of Islam are called Muslims (those who submit to God). The Muslim calendar began in the year 622 of the common era, when the Prophet Muhammad migrated to Madina. In 749 CE year, Baghdad became the capital of the Islamic world. Muslims conquered Spain in 749 and Islam began to spread through Africa, Asia, the Balkans and South-Eastern Europe from the year 800.
After the death of the Prophet Muhammad (Mohammad), his successors (Caliphs), went on to lead the Muslims for a long period until 1918, when the fall of the Ottoman Empire.
In the period between 998-1030 of the common era (C.E.), northwestern India was conquered by Mahmud of Ghazna. East Asia suffered the influence of Islam during the period from 1588 to 1629, mainly in Indonesia and Sumatra. In 1757, with the end of the battle of Palssey, in India, the Muslim control declined in the region, due to the British victory.
Islam continued its expansion. Shehu Usman Dan Fodio, led Islam to Western Africa during the year 1804.
A Muslim State in the Sudan for the period from 1885 to 1898, by Mahdi. In 1947, Pakistan was created by the Muslims of India.
In the 20th century, in search of employment and new opportunities, many Muslims emigrated to Europe. This emigration has resulted in a large expansion of the Islamic religion in the decades of 80 and 90, becoming the religion that more expanded in the West during this period.
The majority of Muslims can be found in the Middle East, Africa and Asia.
Constitute 95% of the population in countries like Afghanistan, Algeria, Bahrain, Egypt, Guinea, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Maldives, Mauritania, Morocco Islands, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Somalia, Tunisia, Turkey, United Arab Emirates and Yemen.
In Kazakhstan, Tanzania, Malaysia and Mozambique, the Islamic population is 50% to 75%. In India, Russia, Thailand, Zambia, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Suriname, the percentage is between 10% and 50%.
With great concentration in Africa and Asia, Islam is practiced by a seventh part of the world's population, if confirmed as the second largest religion on the planet.
In Brazil there are a million Muslims spread throughout the national territory. The largest communities are in the cities of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Curitiba, Rio Grande do Sul and Foz do Iguaçu.
Throughout the country there are more than a hundred mosques and prayer rooms. Only in São Paulo, capital, are about to 10 mosques, including the first built in Latin America, Brazil Mosque on State Avenue, City Center, which began to be built in 1929.
Groups
Shiites (Shiat Ali) – Supporters of Ali, which according to the Shi'a, should have been the first successor (Caliph), for being a relative of the Prophet Muhammad (Mohammad). In the political hierarchy the Shiites that the leader of the nation should be a descendant of the Prophet Mohammed. Are a majority in Iran and in Iraq, Afghanistan and numerous.
Sunnis – Represent 90% of Muslims. For they always fit the leadership who was elected, since present capacity.
Main leaders:
Caliphs were the first leaders of Islam and ruled until 1918, when it was over the Ottoman Empire. At first ruled with strength and wisdom, and lived in a simple way. With the growth of the Empire, their powers have become larger and so they lived like Kings.
Imam -religious leader, person who leads prayers in mesquia or the nation.
Shaikh – person who has knowledge of any field of knowledge, or a person who reaches an advanced age.
Doctrinal Statement Of Reasons
Dogmas
The main focus of Islam is monotheism (the design of the single God) and the revelation to the Prophet Muhammad ´ d He (Mohammad).
"There is no god but Allah (God), and Muhammad is his Prophet."
Muslims follow a set of five religious obligations, called "The five pillars": God, prayer, charity, fasting and zacat (pilgrimage to the Kaaba in the city of Mecca (Makkah).
Holy Books
the Koran (Quran) -sacred book of the Muslims which gathers the revelations to the Prophet Muhammad (Mohammad). The first Quran was compiled about 650 C.E. (Common Era). This wonderful book from the point of view of the teachings and its literary style, is a set of 114 chapters (suras), which are organized as follows: the longest texts come first, followed by shorter. Exception to the rule, is the sura 1, which starts the Koran. Named "Al Fatiha (the opening), this initial chapter praises Allah and ask his guidance. To Muslims, the Quran contains the exact words of God, as were revealed to Muhammad, the recited and his followers the writing. Some stories are the prophets of the old and New Testaments of the Bible.
The laws of the Koran divide human actions in several groups:
- Fard-what should be done.
- Mandub-shares encouraged and rewarded by God.
- Mubah-actions nor punished, not rewarded, because the Koran nothing speaks about them.
- Makruh-acts discouraged, but not punished.
- Haram-actions illegitimate and punishable by law.
- Sunna-word that means "way" or "law". Are the words and deeds of the Prophet. Is the practical explanation of the contents of the Koran through the sayings, deeds and statements of the Prophet Muhammad.
- Hadith-Sayings and stories of the Prophet's actions, which have been compiled, to serve as an example for the future generation. Two of the most trusted collections are of Imam Bukhari and Imam Muslim.
Temples
Mosques -temples are Muslims. Most have rectangular plant. An arc on the wall, called the "mihrab", indicates the direction of Kaaba. On your right, usually with three steps, is the "mimbar", where the Imam speaks. In large mosques in the Middle East, officials are on a platform called "dakka"; Next there is the "kursi" shelf on which is supported the Koran.
Kaaba – is the physical Center of the Islamic faith. All prayers are made in his direction. First sanctuary built by Ibrahim to worship the One God, the Kaaba is located in the city of Mecca (Makkah). Hollow cube-shaped structure, with the black stone jammed on the eastern side, is the beginning and the end of the Hajj-pilgrimage to the city of Mecca (Makkah).
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Category: Religion History
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