Causes of World War II
To understand the Second World War , we have to know the reasons, and some of them came from the First World War , one can say that the 2nd World War is the continuation of the 1st World War, one that we believe the most important was the Treaty of Versailles.
World War II began in mid-September 1939 and would be the greatest catastrophe caused by man throughout our history.
The facts
The humiliation suffered by Germany with the Versailles Treaty creates the ideal conditions for the germination of National Socialism -Nazism - German and Hitler's rise to power in 1933. The National Socialists take power by violence, eliminates internal dissensions with violent methods and combat the division of the world produced by the 1st War, when world markets are shared between France, Belgium, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Italy, Japan and the United States.
The German policy leaves no doubt as to the wishes of Hitler: coal and iron Siberia; the oil of Rumania and the Caucasus; wheat Ukraine.And especially, the reordering of the colonial world.
World reaction to Nazism - Western powers have a dubious position in relation to Nazism.Presentiment the danger posed by Hitler, but allow the growth of Nazi Germany as a way of blocking the Soviet Union. The invasion of Poland on September 1, 1939, by troops and German planes, not surprising Europe. All are waiting for the war.
Axis origins - Italy and Germany have similar political regimes, but what most approaches is the limited territorial space available to themand the fierce competition for international markets. In the period after the 1st War, some nations are favored internationally. It is the case of the United Kingdom and France, of vast colonial empires owners; US, advancing rapidly in contention for the world market; and the Soviet Union, rich in natural resources and accelerated development process. Already Germany, Italy and Japan are situated in an area of 4 million square kilometers and have a population of the United Kingdom and the United States combined. Thus, Japan will dominate Asia; Italy occupies Albania and Abyssinia (Ethiopia); Germany militarized the Rhineland in 1936 and annexed Austria in 1938.
At the Munich Conference in 1938, attended byFrance, Germany, Italy and England, Hitler gets the cession of the Sudetenland (Czechoslovakia region). The following year, the German Führer creates the protectorate of Bohemia and annexed the Lithuanian port of Memel in March Baltic. Stalin realizes that the German annexations go toward the Soviet Union and firm with Hitler the German-Soviet in 1939 by which annexed Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and part of Poland and Finland.
World War Causes
diplomatic
Almost all historians agree that the deeper diplomatic cause of the Second World War has its origin in the Treaty of Versailles, signed between the victorious powers of World War I (United States, Britain, France) and Overdue (Germany and Austria) .
Germany is seen stripped of Alsace-Lorraine (who had won the Franco-Prussian war of 1870), and had to give Poland a strip of territory that gave him access to Baltimore Sea (called the "Polish Corridor"). The German city of Danzig would the control of the League of Nations and the territory of Saarland, rich in coal was granted for a period of 15 years to France. It was also forbidden to Germany have a superior army to 100,000 men demanded the demilitarization of the Rhineland (Border region with France), as well as the dismantling of fortifications located 50 km from the Rhine.He saw himself compelled to deliver all merchant vessels whose tonnage exceeded 1,600 tons and yield cattle, coal, locomotives, wagons, submarine cables, etc.
The amount of his debt to the allies was fixed in Bologne Conference (June 21, 1920) at 269 billion gold marks to be paid in 42 annual payments. could not develop warfare research have submarines or perform military projects (airplanes, guns, etc.). The old Austro-Hungarian Empire was desfixada in Bologne Conference (June 21, 1920) at 269 billion gold marks to be paid in 42 annual payments. could not develop warfare research have submarines or perform military projects (airplanes, guns, etc.). The old Austro-Hungarian Empire was dismembered by the Treaty of Peace of St. Germain-en-Laye, where he had to deliver the South Tyrol to Italy, to recognize the independence of Hungary, Techcoslováquia, Poland and Yugoslavia, Poland and Yugoslavia, as well to him it is sealed the union with Germany. Austria was forbidden to have a superior army to 30,000 men.
These penalties imposed by the victors have become a source of bitter resentments, which were easily exploited by the extreme nationalist right (Nazi and helmets-of- steel , which begin to proliferate in Germany in 1919).
The great mistake of the Versailles Treaty was to have deeply hurt the national feeling of the Germans, and on the other hand, do not have them deleted industrial potential.
With its 65 million inhabitants and its military tradition, Germany would inevitably claim its place in the list of European powers. The bourgeois diplomats have forgotten the lesson of the Congress of Vienna (1815), when Napoleon's winners did not seek to humiliate France, the most populous nation in Western Europe at that time.
This contradiction between demographic and industrial potential and not diplomatic recognition of a special status for Germany, ended up making the rise of Hitler possible.
The new defensive system: the Western allies, particularly France, to stimulate the emergence of new national states in Central Eastern Europe, aimed at replacing Russia (then in full civil war) as a deterrent to any German assault . Czechoslovakia and Poland signed treaties of mutual defense with France and England, it was expected that both countries oblige the Germans to fight on two fronts - as occurred during the First World War - if they tried to repeat the 1914 error. France in turn, began building the "Maginot Line" a complex defensive system that started from the Swiss border to a complex defensive system that started from the Swiss border to Belgium. Thus it is hoping to avoid a surprise attack by its powerful neighbor. But the moral and psychological effects of this attitude, they stripped him of any offensive alternative, merely having to act if the Germans do first.
England, in the interwar period , it became increasingly conciliatory, sure of being an island and to have the most powerful naval fleet in the world giving you enough protection if there was a new conflict. The United States back in the twenties to adopt isolationist policy, not wanting to get involved in quarrels of European countries. These ambiguities and defencists attitudes would be cleverly exploited by Hitler in the late thirties.
economic
The economic crisis that befalls the world capitalist system from 1929 will be the most powerful factor for a new power arrangement on a global scale is claimed.
The crisis led the capitalist countries to take protectionist measures to save the domestic markets from foreign imports, causing a real price war. The world production was reduced by 40%, while the reduction of iron reached 60%, the steel 58%, oil 13% and 29% coal.
Unemployment raged in the major industrialized countries: 11 million in the United States, 6 million in Germany, 2 million and a half of England and a slightly higher number in France. Not far from the truth the fact have caused distress and unemployment at over 70 million people (counting their dependents). As the economy was already sufficiently internationalized (with theexception of the Soviet Union that launched the Five-Year Plans) all continents have been achieved, further increasing poverty and unemployment. The Latin America for example had to reduce by 40% and imports fell by 17% in exports.
It is in this chaotic context that Germany in the West and Japan in the East will try to exploit the weakening of its rivals. A new struggle for markets and new sources of raw materials would lead the world into World War II.
policies
The chaotic external environment and the internal situation of desperation lead Hitler to power in Germany in 1933. Working relentlessly, in less than a year stifled all opposition movements (Social Democrats, Communists and liberals) beginning the "National Socialist Revolution" which aimed to make Germany return to the level of European power. Of course, for such it was necessary to break with the Treaty of Versailles, as it prevented the conquest of "living space" as rearmament. Softened up unemployment and catered to the needs of the powerful financial and industrial bourgeoisie of Germany. To avoid the unwillingness of the Western powers, Hitler put up as anti-communism champion the world by signing with Japan (November 1936) and Italy (January 1937) the Pact Anti-Comintern - the purpose of which is increase the isolation of the USSR and, where possible, to attack it.
Japan, which also involves serious internal upheavals, opened in 1931, an aggressive foreign policy, exploiting the weakness of European empires Colonial showing powerless to overcome the economic crisis. In 1937, after having occupied the rich Manchuria region, invade the rest of the Chinese territory, beginning the long conflict in Asia. Your expansionism will end up colliding with the American interests in Asia (Philippines) and lead to war against the United States.
Conclusion
The causes for the start of the Second World War did not escape the common reasons for starting a fight between children or between two football teams at the end of championship.
The humiliation of a people of a story, the little case towards a nation needs the will to take advantage of the next frankness, shame, are reasons that the hand of countries leaders can result in real tragedies for humanity.
The humiliation suffered by Germany in the Treaty of Versailles created the ideal conditions for the germination of the ideal of war and Hitler's rise to power, only facilitated the start of the event that would have global repercussions.
Facts like this should be taken as examples for new future occasions where no leader or people should be underestimated or humiliated and where understanding and agreements must prevail for the good of all.
Bibliography
Ernest Mandel and his opinion. Historian and economist late. He was professor at the University of Brussels and was a prisoner of a Nazi labor camp during the war.
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