Chinese revolution
The Chinese revolution was a nationalist struggle, the beginning of the century. XX, so that the Chinese comandassem China without the intervention of any other country, having a Socialist victory.
How was China before the revolution
In the beginning of the century. XX, things began to change. In 1905 it was founded the Kuomintang (naciolista advantage of the time) by Sun Yat-sen. In 1911, Chinese nationalists command the Kuomintang, led a revolt that overthrew the emperor and proclaimed the republic. He dreamed of a democratic state, which would stimulate economic modernization of China.
Things were not as Sun Yat-sen thought. After his death (1925), the Kuomintang came to be led by Chiang Kai-shek. The new Chinese ruler approached the Western countries because they needed security to ensure its political dominion over the whole of China.
But Chiang Kai-shek now had a rival facing, the Communist Party of China (CPC). founded in 1921. The Kuomintang pursued opponents, murdering thousands of Communists (Shanghai Massacre, 1927). The escape of the Communists was a real scandal. The Long March, led by Mao Zedong traveled thousand leagues under the fire of the troops of the Chinese government. After more than two hundred fighting, facing the desert, snow andforest , the survivors arrived in northwest China, virtually inaccessible to the enemy.
The Second World War had started earlier to the Chinese. Since 1937 that Japan had declared them all out war to submit the country. To face the enemy. the CPC and the Kuomintang agreed a truce. But in fact the generals of the Kuomintang, was dominated by corruption, then the leadership of the patriotic struggle against the Japanese went to Mao Zedong and the CCP. Thus, the Communists gained enormous prestige among the population.
When World War II ended in 1945, almost no one believed in the Kuomintang. Mao Zedong's guerrillas now formed a powerful Red Army, with hundreds of thousands of armed peasants. The Revolution of 1949 opened the way for the triumphant parade of the Communists in Beijing and Chiang Kai-shek fled to the island of Taiwan, which continued capitalist (and is also called Nationalist China).
As the Chinese Revolution
In the first stage of the revolution, called New Democracy, medium and large rural properties were confiscated by the state and given to the peasants. Land reform was very important to reduce poverty in the country. Millions of people who once lived crammed in slums on the outskirts of Shanghai and Beijing won land to work. Also a massive movement of popular education, literacy education to tens of millions of adults was organized. The women, who were previously treated as domestic servants, gained equal rights with men. No doubt, it was a new China that was being born.
In 1953, all companies, banks and industries passed into state control. China became a socialist country that followed the Soviet model, with full support for heavy industry and the economy driven by plans for 50 years. The Soviet Union helped a lot, sending money, technology, engineers, doctors, teachers and skilled workers.
How did China after the Revolution
From 1958 to 1962 the Chinese risked the Great Leap Forward, which was an ambitious economic development plan. They came to dream of becoming a developed country within just 10 years. The peasants were organized in large cooperatives called rural communes.Each commune was a collective farm (where everything belonged to everyone, where they worked in cooperation) with thousands of peasant families. These communes have their own resources to invest, including the installation of small industries, schools and hospitals. But the dream was incompatible with the harsh reality. There were not enough resources to rural communes could have all the services that protruded. To make matters worse, there were big floods which destroyed crops and caused hunger. The Great Leap Forward had failed. The result was a terrible famine that killed thousands of people.
Greatest personalities of the Chinese Revolution
Mao tse-tung (1893-1976), f undador the Chinese Communist Party, the People's Liberation Army and China, is born into a family of small owners Changcha. Is sent to Beijing to attend high school and university and is involved in the democratic movement of May 4, 1919. On returning to Iennan organizes study of Marxist theory circles. Participates in the founding congress of the Communist Party in 1921 in Shanghai, but is considered heretical for suggesting that the Chinese revolution must be peasant, not led by industrial workers.Pass to advocate building revolutionary bases in the countryside, against the opinion of most leaders.
These bases end up being decisive for the survival of the communist forces that saved the military coup of Chiang Kai-shek in 1927. Still, Mao's strategic opinions remain in the minority until the defeat of the People's Liberation Army against the fifth offensive of Kuomintang forces in 1935, resulting in the Long March. During the withdrawal of 100,000 people through 12,000 kilometers to Iennan, Mao is elected the leader of the main PC and commander of the PLA. Establishes his headquarters in the province of Shensi, a region that remains under the control of the People's Army. In 1939 she married Chiang Ching, a Shanghai artist, despite opposition from other leaders, as Chou Enlai. During World War II, makes an alliance with the Kuomintang to defend Chinese territory and expands the foundation under his rule.
In 1948 it launched a final offensive on the government and extends the domain of popular socialist government of all China.Accumulates the secretary general positions of the PC and the President and heads the radical transformations in the country. In 1966 he launched the Cultural Revolution and uses movement to free themselves from their opponents and enemies within the PC itself. In the early 70s, under the influence of Chou Enlai, begins to contain the more left-leaning, including those led by his wife, Chiang Ching, and promotes a country PENING the Western world. In 1971 reattaches diplomatic relations with the United States and joined the United Nations. The power struggles stoked in the country. With the death of Chou Enlai in early 1976, Mao sees grow the power of his deputy prime minister, Deng Xiaoping, later his successor.
Chiang Ching (1914-1991), actress in youth, is the fourth wife of Chinese Communist leader Mao Tse-tung, who marries in 1939. It is known worldwide from 1965, as the main leader of the Chinese Cultural Revolution and one of organizers of the Red Guards, paramilitary organization of the Maoist youth. With the death of Mao in 1976, it is removed from power and arrested. It is sentenced to death in 1981 during the trial of the so-called Gang of Four - the leaders of the Cultural Revolution - accused of ordering the killing of thousands of oppositionists. In his defense, he said that waslimited to fulfill Mao's orders, "I was just your dog." His sentence is commuted to life imprisonment in 1983. Sick from 1988, committed suicide in 1991.
Deng Xiaoping, the successor of Mao Tse-tung in charge of China. 16 years includes a work study program in France, which adheres to the Communist Party. Back in the country is to organize forces in favor of Mao Tse-tung.Takes part in the Long March with Mao but then becomes accused of being unorthodox in relation to Maoist principles. In 1966 he was dismissed as general secretary of the party and subjected to public humiliation by the Red Guards.
After a few failed attempts, back to politics after the arrest of the Gang of Four and Mao's wife. Regains the lead in the late 70s and internationally shall be considered responsible for the modernization of the country. It begins to lose popularity in the 80s to defend positions in the most radical wing of the party.In 1989 sends repress violently the peaceful student demonstrations in Tiananmen Square in Beijing.
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