totalitarian regimes
At the end of World War I , democracy seemed to have triumphed in Europe. Over the period between that conflict and World War II (1939-1945), the people of various countries are disenchanted with democracy. There was a polarization of political positions: most of the workers opted for revolution , while another part of society, especially the middle classes, advocated strong governments ,ultranacionais and anticommunist . What led to the emergence of totalitarian regimes.
totalitarianism
The term " totalitarianism " refers to a political conception that exalts the state, the nation or a social class to which the individual must be fully submitted. The all aspects of his private life pass into the background, immolating himself the individual in the rough collectivism of the altar. Hence the argument of Adolf Hitler , inspiring Nazi totalitarianism: "... the main mission of the German States is totake care and put a stop to a progressive mix of races."
Totalitarianism and dictatorship have little differences, like socialism and communism .The Fascism is totalitarian, and the fascist state; synthesis and unity of all value plays, moves and dominates the life of the people.
Dictatorship
It is the temporary exercise of political, sole or collegial power, characterized by the concentration of pre-set tasks and to remedy harm imminent or actual public. This definition may seem strange to those who are accustomed to the indiscriminate use of the word, that by having analog nature - has several related meanings, similar, although not identical - lends itself to a number of prejudices and misunderstandings. (See more at: Military Dictatorship ).
Nazism
Nazism is an authoritarian movement that was born in Germany after 1st world war and grew when Hitler came to power in Germany in 1933. The nazism is based on anti-communism, the anti-Semitism , and the belief in the superiority of the Aryan race in relation to other races and preached "racial cleansing" in the country with the persecution of other people as Jews, Kurds, etc ... I also wanted the expansion of Nazi Germany in Europe.
At the end of the 1st World War , in addition to losing territories to France, Poland, Denmark and Belgium, the Germans are bound by thedetermination of the Versailles Treaty , to pay heavy financial reparations to the winning countries. The payment of this penalty leads tothe growth of external debt and undermines domestic investments, generating bankruptcies, inflation and mass unemployment: the unsuccessful attempts of socialist revolution (1919, 1921 and 1923) and the successive falls of social democratic orientation offices create favorable conditions for the emergence and spread of Nazism in the country.
Interventionism and economic planning adopted by Hitler eliminate, however, unemployment and cause the rapid industrial development, stimulating the defense industry and the construction of public works, as well as preventing the withdrawal of foreign capital from the country.
Neo-Nazism - Immigration and the difficulty of assimilation of workers in outlying regions of the European economy; the recession and unemployment; the deterioration of living standards; decreased tax revenues and the resurgence of old ethnic and racial prejudices favor, from the 80s, the resumption of authoritarian and conservative movements called "neo-Nazis".
The movements are manifested violently and have the foreigners preferred target of attack.It is worth also the parliamentary institutional route (National Front in France; Lombard League and Social Fascist Movement in Italy) to give a voice to their demands, the neo-Nazi movements have marked their presence in the European daily life, particularly in Germany, Austria, France and Italy.
Fascism
Fascism began in Italy with the leader Benito Mussolini who was a nationalist sentiment as Nazism. They abolished all kinds of foreign words , such as companies, foreign origin of words in the national language, etc.
Its main features are totalitarianism, which subordinates the interests of the individual to the state, nationalism, which has the nation as the supreme form of development and cohesive social organization, and corporatism : the employers and workers unions, converted to corporations under the intervention direct the state, are the mediators of the relationship between capital and labor.
In 1924, the Fascist Party takes power in an Italy that runs through deep economic crisis, compounded by strikes and demonstrations of urban and rural workers. The implementation of the scheme meant the curtailment of civil and political freedom, the defeat of leftist social revolution, the elimination of trade unions, restrictions on the right of employers to manage their workforce and the single-party state. The adopted policy, however, was efficient in the modernization of the Italian industrial economy and reduce unemployment.
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Category: General history
